diff --git a/pn532/src/driver.rs b/pn532/src/driver.rs
index ea322dd..163c891 100644
--- a/pn532/src/driver.rs
+++ b/pn532/src/driver.rs
@@ -1,26 +1,47 @@
 //! High-level PN532 command driver.
 
+use core::marker::PhantomData;
 use crate::commands::*;
 use crate::error::Error;
 use crate::interface::Interface;
-use crate::StatusCode;
+use crate::{NoIrq, NoReset, StatusCode};
 use core::time::Duration;
+use embedded_hal::delay::DelayNs;
+use embedded_hal::digital::{InputPin, OutputPin};
 use crate::types::constants::{PN532_GPIO_P32, PN532_GPIO_P34, PN532_GPIO_VALIDATION_BIT};
 
 /// Driver for the NXP PN532 NFC controller.
-pub struct Pn532<B: Interface, const N: usize = 64> {
+pub struct Pn532<RST, IRQ, DELAY, B, const N: usize = 64>
+where
+    RST: OutputPin,
+    IRQ: InputPin,
+    DELAY: DelayNs,
+    B: Interface<RST, IRQ, DELAY>
+{
     pub(crate) interface: B,
     pub(crate) in_listed_tag: u8,
     pub(crate) buffer: [u8; N],
+    _rst: PhantomData<RST>,
+    _irq: PhantomData<IRQ>,
+    _delay: PhantomData<DELAY>,
 }
 
-impl<B: Interface, const N: usize> Pn532<B, N> {
+impl<RST, IRQ, DELAY, B, const N: usize> Pn532<RST, IRQ, DELAY, B, N>
+where
+    RST: OutputPin,
+    IRQ: InputPin,
+    DELAY: DelayNs,
+    B: Interface<RST, IRQ, DELAY>
+{
     /// Create a driver over the given transport interface.
     pub fn new(interface: B) -> Self {
         Self {
             interface,
             in_listed_tag: 0,
             buffer: [0; N],
+            _rst: PhantomData,
+            _irq: PhantomData,
+            _delay: PhantomData,
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/pn532/src/interface/i2c.rs b/pn532/src/interface/i2c.rs
index a563f02..b53b3b8 100644
--- a/pn532/src/interface/i2c.rs
+++ b/pn532/src/interface/i2c.rs
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ impl<I2C, D, RST, IRQ> I2cInterface<I2C, D, RST, IRQ> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<I2C, D, RST, IRQ> Interface for I2cInterface<I2C, D, RST, IRQ>
+impl<I2C, D, RST, IRQ> Interface<RST, IRQ, D> for I2cInterface<I2C, D, RST, IRQ>
 where
     I2C: I2c,
     D: DelayNs,
@@ -86,17 +86,16 @@ where
 {
     type TransportError = I2C::Error;
 
-    fn begin(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error<Self::TransportError>> {
-        // Pulse RSTPD_N: high -> low -> wait -> high -> wait. This mirrors the
-        // Adafruit library's begin() reset sequence.
-        self.reset.set_high().map_err(|_| Error::UnusedPin)?;
-        self.reset.set_low().map_err(|_| Error::UnusedPin)?;
-        self.delay.delay_ms(400);
-        self.reset.set_high().map_err(|_| Error::UnusedPin)?;
-        // Let the PN532 boot after the reset is released. The Adafruit library
-        // waits ~10 ms + a 500 ms wakeup here; give it a full 500 ms.
-        self.delay.delay_ms(500);
-        Ok(())
+    fn rst(&mut self) -> &mut RST {
+        &mut self.reset
+    }
+
+    fn irq(&mut self) -> &mut IRQ {
+        &mut self.irq
+    }
+
+    fn delay(&mut self) -> &mut D {
+        &mut self.delay
     }
 
     fn write_command(
diff --git a/pn532/src/interface/mod.rs b/pn532/src/interface/mod.rs
index 7dd7614..eef5d16 100644
--- a/pn532/src/interface/mod.rs
+++ b/pn532/src/interface/mod.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 //! acknowledgement/response handshake.
 
 mod i2c;
+
+use embedded_hal::delay::DelayNs;
 pub use i2c::I2cInterface;
 
 use embedded_hal::digital::{ErrorKind, ErrorType, InputPin, OutputPin};
@@ -58,13 +60,28 @@ impl InputPin for NoIrq {
 ///
 /// Implementations are responsible for the frame/ack handshake described in
 /// the PN532 user manual (UM0701-02).
-pub trait Interface {
+pub trait Interface<RST: OutputPin, IRQ: InputPin, DELAY: DelayNs> {
     /// The error type produced by the underlying physical transport.
     type TransportError;
 
-    /// Initialise the hardware: pulse the reset pin (if provided) and wait for
+    /// Initialize the hardware: pulse the reset pin (if provided) and wait for
     /// the PN532 to become ready.
-    fn begin(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error<Self::TransportError>>;
+    fn begin(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error<Self::TransportError>> {
+        // Pulse RSTPD_N: high -> low -> wait -> high -> wait. This mirrors the
+        // Adafruit library's begin() reset sequence.
+        self.rst().set_high().map_err(|_| Error::UnusedPin)?;
+        self.rst().set_low().map_err(|_| Error::UnusedPin)?;
+        self.delay().delay_ms(400);
+        self.rst().set_high().map_err(|_| Error::UnusedPin)?;
+        // Let the PN532 boot after the reset is released. The Adafruit library
+        // waits ~10 ms + a 500 ms wakeup here; give it a full 500 ms.
+        self.delay().delay_ms(500);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+    
+    fn rst(&mut self) -> &mut RST;
+    fn irq(&mut self) -> &mut IRQ;
+    fn delay(&mut self) -> &mut DELAY;
 
     /// Write a command frame (`header` + optional `body`) and wait for the ACK.
     fn write_command(
diff --git a/pn532/src/protocol/felica/felica_lite_s/auth.rs b/pn532/src/protocol/felica/felica_lite_s/auth.rs
index edd3f83..48f981d 100644
--- a/pn532/src/protocol/felica/felica_lite_s/auth.rs
+++ b/pn532/src/protocol/felica/felica_lite_s/auth.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,19 @@
 use des::cipher::{Block, BlockCipherEncrypt, Key, KeyInit};
 use des::TdesEde2;
+use embedded_hal::delay::DelayNs;
+use embedded_hal::digital::{InputPin, OutputPin};
 use rand_core::Rng;
 use crate::{Interface, Pn532};
 use crate::types::felica::{CardSession, FelicaLiteSBlock, FelicaLiteSServiceCode};
 use crate::types::felica::felica_lite_s::auth::{AuthSession, CardKey, MacInput, RandomChallenge, SessionKeys};
 
-impl<B: Interface, const N: usize> Pn532<B, N> {
+impl<RST, IRQ, DELAY, B, const N: usize> Pn532<RST, IRQ, DELAY, B, N>
+where
+    RST: OutputPin,
+    IRQ: InputPin,
+    DELAY: DelayNs,
+    B: Interface<RST, IRQ, DELAY>
+{
     pub(crate) fn set_random_challenge(&mut self, card: &CardSession, rng: &mut impl Rng)
                                        -> Result<RandomChallenge, crate::Error<B::TransportError>>
     {
diff --git a/pn532/src/protocol/felica/felica_lite_s/issuance.rs b/pn532/src/protocol/felica/felica_lite_s/issuance.rs
index 2b43207..6a57731 100644
--- a/pn532/src/protocol/felica/felica_lite_s/issuance.rs
+++ b/pn532/src/protocol/felica/felica_lite_s/issuance.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,14 @@
+use embedded_hal::delay::DelayNs;
+use embedded_hal::digital::{InputPin, OutputPin};
 use crate::{Interface, Pn532};
 
-impl<B: Interface, const N: usize> Pn532<B, N> {
+impl<RST, IRQ, DELAY, B, const N: usize> Pn532<RST, IRQ, DELAY, B, N>
+where
+    RST: OutputPin,
+    IRQ: InputPin,
+    DELAY: DelayNs,
+    B: Interface<RST, IRQ, DELAY>
+{
     pub fn setup_first_issuance(&mut self) {
         todo!()
     }
diff --git a/pn532/src/protocol/felica/felica_lite_s/mod.rs b/pn532/src/protocol/felica/felica_lite_s/mod.rs
index d09ec3c..3309ecf 100644
--- a/pn532/src/protocol/felica/felica_lite_s/mod.rs
+++ b/pn532/src/protocol/felica/felica_lite_s/mod.rs
@@ -1,13 +1,21 @@
 pub mod issuance;
 pub mod auth;
 
+use embedded_hal::delay::DelayNs;
+use embedded_hal::digital::{InputPin, OutputPin};
 use rand_core::Rng;
 use crate::{Interface, Pn532};
 use crate::protocol::felica::error::Error;
 use crate::types::felica::{AsBlock, CardSession, FelicaLiteSBlock, FelicaLiteSServiceCode};
 use crate::types::felica::felica_lite_s::auth::{AuthSession, CardKey, MacInput};
 
-impl<B: Interface, const N: usize> Pn532<B, N> {
+impl<RST, IRQ, DELAY, B, const N: usize> Pn532<RST, IRQ, DELAY, B, N>
+where
+    RST: OutputPin,
+    IRQ: InputPin,
+    DELAY: DelayNs,
+    B: Interface<RST, IRQ, DELAY>
+{
     pub fn try_authenticate(&mut self, rng: &mut impl Rng, card: &CardSession, key: &CardKey)
                             -> Result<Option<AuthSession>, crate::Error<B::TransportError>>
     {
diff --git a/pn532/src/protocol/felica/mod.rs b/pn532/src/protocol/felica/mod.rs
index e52a744..1e4e0a9 100644
--- a/pn532/src/protocol/felica/mod.rs
+++ b/pn532/src/protocol/felica/mod.rs
@@ -8,11 +8,19 @@ use crate::driver::Pn532;
 use crate::error::Error;
 use crate::interface::Interface;
 use core::time::Duration;
+use embedded_hal::delay::DelayNs;
+use embedded_hal::digital::{InputPin, OutputPin};
 use crate::types::felica::*;
 use crate::types::BaudRate;
 use crate::types::felica::constants::{FELICA_READ_MAX_BLOCK_NUM, FELICA_READ_MAX_SERVICE_NUM, FELICA_WRITE_MAX_BLOCK_NUM, FELICA_WRITE_MAX_SERVICE_NUM};
 
-impl<B: Interface, const N: usize> Pn532<B, N> {
+impl<RST, IRQ, DELAY, B, const N: usize> Pn532<RST, IRQ, DELAY, B, N>
+where
+    RST: OutputPin,
+    IRQ: InputPin,
+    DELAY: DelayNs,
+    B: Interface<RST, IRQ, DELAY>
+{
     /// Poll for a FeliCa card.
     pub fn felica_polling(
         &mut self,
diff --git a/pn532/src/tg.rs b/pn532/src/tg.rs
index 7015ee0..010e1bc 100644
--- a/pn532/src/tg.rs
+++ b/pn532/src/tg.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@ use crate::commands::*;
 use crate::error::StatusCode;
 use crate::{Error, Interface, Pn532};
 use core::time::Duration;
-
+use embedded_hal::delay::DelayNs;
+use embedded_hal::digital::{InputPin, OutputPin};
 
 /// Outcome of [`Pn532::tg_init_as_target`] / [`Pn532::tg_init_as_target_default`].
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
@@ -16,7 +17,13 @@ pub enum TargetInitStatus {
     Failed,
 }
 
-impl<B: Interface, const N: usize> Pn532<B, N> {
+impl<RST, IRQ, DELAY, B, const N: usize> Pn532<RST, IRQ, DELAY, B, N>
+where
+    RST: OutputPin,
+    IRQ: InputPin,
+    DELAY: DelayNs,
+    B: Interface<RST, IRQ, DELAY>
+{
     /// Initialize the PN532 as a target using a raw command frame.
     pub fn tg_init_as_target(
         &mut self,
diff --git a/src/components/card_reader.rs b/src/components/card_reader.rs
index cd7c9a6..4dd940a 100644
--- a/src/components/card_reader.rs
+++ b/src/components/card_reader.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ fn get_card_key() -> &'static CardKey {
 }
 
 pub struct CardReader<'a> {
-    driver: Pn532<pn532::I2cInterface<SharedI2c<'a>, Delay, gpio::Output<'a>, gpio::Input<'a>>>
+    driver: Pn532<gpio::Output<'a>, gpio::Input<'a>, Delay, pn532::I2cInterface<SharedI2c<'a>, Delay, gpio::Output<'a>, gpio::Input<'a>>>
 }
 
 impl<'a> CardReader<'a> {